Discuss The Regional Continuity Theory And Elaborating On...

For many years there has been a debate over where modern humans originated from. The first theory, out of Africa, discusses modern humans evolving in Africa. They migrated out to Eurasia and as the time went on their species evolved independently and developed into distinct species. All other human populations were eventually replaced with no interbreeding involved in the process and Homo sapiens had successfully dominated the rest of the world. On the other hand, the second theory, regional continuity, says that our earliest hominid ancestors had departed Africa and spread into other parts of the world later evolving into modern human beings. In this paper I will discuss the Regional continuity theory and elaborating on the Out of Africa theory. Evidence based on fossils, artifacts, and other crucial components will be discussed. Based on the evidence found I will come to a conclusion as to which theory I think best fits the origins of humans. The Multiregional theory believes that our earliest ancestors came from Africa, later settling to different parts of the world. It was believed that after a while Homo Sapiens evolved from distinct groups of Homo Erectus from all over the world. As they spread out there was a â€Å"mixing† of species such as homo Erectus and neanderthals. As time passed we eventually evolved and got to modern humans. There are different traits for each group or people around the world. The pattern of human evolution is described as MultiregionalShow MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Environmental Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Developing Standards and Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Forecasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Theory Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Management by Objectives (MBO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Total Quality Management (TQM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Policy Making . . . . . . . . . . . . Read MorePest Analysis of an Educational Institution19905 Words   |  80 Pagespercent in most euro-area countries (for which the figures were reported), for both goods and services. * Anchor currency. The euro plays a role as an anchor or reference currency, notably in acceding and accession countries, Northern Africa and the CFA Franc-Zone. A few countries, mainly in Central Europe and the Western Balkans, are using the euro as a de facto currency, sometimes in parallel to their own national currency. The expanding international use of the euro can be seen asRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesthat management education had almost nothing to say about what managers actually do from day to day. He further faulted management textbooks for introducing students to the leading theories about management while ignoring what is known about effective management practice. Sympathetic to Mintzberg’s critique, we set out to identify the defining competencies of effective managers. Although no two management positions are exactly the same, the research summarized in the Introduction highlights ten personal

Essay about On the Existence of God - 1753 Words

Like the British philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell, who described himself as an atheist (the absence of belief in God), I have to say, like he did when he was alive, that religion is little more than superstition. Despite any positive effects that religion might have in societies, it is mostly harmful to people. Religions and religious outlook serve to impede human knowledge (science) and to foster fear and dependency on other (clerics) which are supposed to know. Religions are responsible for much of the human war, oppression, and misery that are besetting our world today. Our origin, our growth, our hopes and fears, our loves and beliefs, our purposes in life are but one thing: the outcome of accidental associations of†¦show more content†¦By sacred things he meant things set apart and forbidden—beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them. For him sacred things are not limited to Gods o r spirits but also to anything declared by a human being sacred. It could be a rock, a tree, a spring, a pebble, a piece of wood, a house, etc., in other word anything capable of influencing for the better the outcome of one’s life. Religion may be seem as outdated and even harmful to the individual or society (to hinder or obstruct the progress of science) while in fact religion, your religion (your beliefs), is the mind differentiation of your inner feeling from the world of fact. Religion begins, I repeat, religion begins in everyone mind when people acquired through their own intellectual awareness a strong sense of differentiation between their qualitative selves from their natural environment, subjective consciousness from objective fact, and thus spirit from matter. Primitive religion had a biologic origin (mind capacity), a natural evolutionary development aside from moral associations (the sense ofShow MoreRelatedThe Existence Of God : God1305 Words   |  6 Pages The existence of God has been in question for as long as mankind has existed and thought logically. Many questions have plagued the human mind in regards to God, and there have been many arguments drawn with the hopes of proving the existence of a supreme being whom we know as God. The â€Å"God† question has been presented to every individual at some point in their lives. It is a topic that will bring forth never-ending questions and an equal amount of attempted answers. Many philosophers have formulatedRead MoreThe Existence Of God1304 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I’m going to argue that there exists only one God who is the most beneficent and the most merciful and that Blackburn’s claim for the existence of evil doesn t prove that there does not exist a God who is all knowing, all good and all powerful. Exposition:(349 words) In chapter five, Blackburn expresses his take on the existence of God. He believes that people with religious beliefs have to be evaluated â€Å"in terms of truth and falsity†. He thinks that that it is just the set of ritualsRead MoreThe Existence Of God s Existence1339 Words   |  6 Pagesidea of God. The existence of God is one of the most sought out topic that is frequently inquired. Is there really a God or is God merely a concept humans created to explain the unexplainable? And if God does exist, what makes him different from the rest of us? A well-known philosopher, St. Thomas Aquinas, introduced five proofs including the Cosmological Arguments of God’s existence, as well as explained some divine qualities that are associated with God. The nature of God’s existence is oftenRead MoreThe Existence of God1317 Words   |  6 PagesThe Existence of God For centuries, the idea of God has been a part of mans history. Past and present, there has always been a different integration consisting of the believers and the non-believers of God. The group of those who have faith in God tend to be related to one religion or another. On the other hand, the skeptics find the existence of God somewhat puzzling and try to seek the answers through scientific methods. Even as of today with all the modern technologies and the developmentRead MoreThe Existence Of God2601 Words   |  11 Pagesstatements established about the unseen and natural forces since the beginning of time. It gave rise to questions such as: Do aliens exist? Is there a world of the unseen? Life after Death and the most popular question since the beginning of times, Does God exists? And the answer is ‘yes’. Here is how I will justify my stance. Imagine yourself walking in the middle of a desert, which shows no signs of life regardless of which ever direction your eyes turn to. When, suddenly, you see something reflectingRead MoreGod s Existence Of God936 Words   |  4 PagesNot Be Afraid to Explore More Than One Religion God’s existence sometimes does not exist to certain people. When it comes to the teaching and knowledge about God many people are not aware because they have never been taught about how God appeared on the earth. I choose this topic because I was one of those people who has never really been raised around certain religion nor about the teaching how God came to be. However, I have been taught that God does exist and that his son Jesus are the reason forRead MoreThe Argument On The Existence Of God1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea of God has been a part of man’s history for centuries. Since time began there has been various combination of believers, and non-believers. Individuals who believes in God, belong to many different religion. Whereas, skeptics find the existence of God somewhat baffling, and have continually sought answers to His existence through scientific methods. As the world progresses in scientific, and technological advancement, the human race still face s the question of God’s existence. Many philosophersRead MoreAtheism And The Existence Of God Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pagesevident fact that God exists. Whereas some atheists would claim that the theists bear the burden of proof since they are making supernatural claims. In the following essay I will be discussing both opinions on this matter, and perhaps show how the burden of proof lies on both of them and neither of them. I will begin this discussion by defining the recurring terms during the discussion on the existence of God. Traditionally the three attitudes one could hold towards the existence of God are theism, atheismRead MoreEvil And The Existence Of God1147 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay is based on how the problem of evil attacks head on into the existence of god who is all good, all powerful and all knowing. The problem of evil is a wide area that can t be outrun easily. The concept of evil has been problematic to many philosophers. When speaking about evil, we all have the idea that is the absence of good. For some religious people, Evil has been described as a supernatural force, although for others is been described as part of the human nature. Blackburn mainly raiseRead MoreEssay on The Existence Of God908 Words   |  4 PagesPopular Arguments For The Existence Of God The Ontological Argument One of the most important attempts to demonstrate the existence of God is the ontological argument of Saint Anselm, an 11th-century theologian. Anselm’s argument maintains that God, defined as the greatest being that can be conceived, must exist, since a being that does not exist would by virtue of that fact lack an attribute that contributes to its greatness. Critics have questioned, however, whether existence actually contributes

Youth Delinquency And Justice-free sample -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Youth Delinquency And Justice. Answer: Introduction In the modern era, youth delinquency has proved problematic to handle. There are increasing cases of youth offending in Australia and globally. Despite the existence of several policies to suppress the issue, youth delinquency is on the rise. The increasing rates of youth felony have prompted policymakers and scholars to research alternative ways of addressing the issue. However, the deferring views on the cause and ways of controlling youth crime by the policymakers, scholars, and public have complicated the process of finding appropriate solutions. Public comments on the proposed changes by the Queensland parliament explicitly illustrates that the society is far from establishing a coherent strategy to address youth delinquency. The commentaries posted by the public on the article implicitly posit youth offending from the classical theory perspective. The comments illustrate that the public believes that juveniles commit criminal acts out of individual choices and rational consider ations. This position severally challenges academic literature on youth justice as it postulates that there is no significant difference between youth and adult offenders. Public views on youth delinquency significantly rely on the existing implicit theories on youth offending. According to Shoemaker (2010), implicit theories are personal constructions about a particular condition or occurrence that exist in the mind of individuals. These constructions differ according to people. As Cunneen, Whites, and Richards (2015) expound, the implicit theories are characteristically equivocal and inconsistent in explaining an occurrence. Additionally, these personal constructions tend to be descriptive and deductive in their explanation to a phenomenon. As a result, several theories exist on youth delinquency. Each perspective strives to persuade the public that its position is relevant. In spite of these discrepancies, implicit youth delinquency theories are vital in understanding factors that propagate youth offending and direct policy formulation. In the Courier Mail naming and shaming comments,' the main concepts of youth offending reflected by the publics comments conform to the classical and strain delinquency theories. However, the significant percentage of the public founded their comments on the classical youth delinquency theory. According to Cunneen, Whites, and Richards (2015), the classical theory posits that the young people are rational individuals who have free will and ability to make choices. The classical theory suggests that a person engages in criminal acts intentionally after calculating the costs and benefits of such actions. In this respect, the theory rules out the effects of externalities in youth delinquency. As illustrated by the comment of one member of the public, all criminals should be accountable for their actions regardless of their age since they commit crime intentionally. Consequently, a majority of those who commented on the article supported the naming and shaming of the young offenders. Moreover, some even suggested that the delinquent youths should be shamed alongside their parents. According to one of the individuals who commented on the post, naming and shaming the offenders will act as a deterrent measure. However, there are those who argue that naming and shaming the offenders is not a sufficient disciplinary move. Instead, they insist that corporal punishment should accompany the naming and shaming. As depicted by the comments of a section of the public, naming and shaming the offenders without severe punishment could further escalate the rate of youth delinquency. This punitive view summarizes the stand of those who employ the classical approach to youth felony. As Marina and King (2009) expound, studies show that those who use the classical perspective on youth offending are more likely to be punitive than those who utilize the strain theor y. On the other hand, there are those who commented on the post from the strain theory viewpoint. The strain theory employs the positivists school of thought to criminology. In this view, this section of the public argued that social strains such as poor parenting, economic hardships, and ineffective policies motive the youths to engage in criminal acts. The strain theory argues that crime goes beyond free will. The difference between those individuals who applied the classical theory and the strain theory in their comments is that the latter was against the use of coercive force to handle the young offenders. This section of the public indicated that the use of coercive force is one the drivers of teenage delinquency. Moreover, they stated that naming and shaming of the offenders is not the long-term solution. Considering that emotions are one the key drivers of criminal acts, naming and shaming the offenders could inflict more strain on the young people escalating the rate of crim es. As argued in one of the comments, eradicating social and economic inequalities is the only way to address the issue of youth delinquency. Besides, those who argued from the strain theory perspective pointed out that naming and shaming of young offenders could lead to stigmatization. In the modern society, a good reputation is essential for success. Consequently, naming and shaming young offenders could adversely affect their future success as people will have negative presumptions about their behaviors. With psychologists confirming that humans can change their behaviors, it is irrational to condemn young people without solving the social forces that compel them to participate in criminal acts. Academic literature tends to agree and disagree with some of the comments made on the post. Particularly, scholars differ with the comments on the measures which should be implemented to address youth delinquency. From the comments, it is evident that majority of the public prefers the use of punitive strategies to address delinquency issues. However, as Reynolds and Crea (2015) indicate, youth delinquency is a complex issue which is influenced by multiple factors. The complexity of the issues implies that it motivated by free will or by social strain. Interestingly, Maahs and Pratt (2017) posit that public opinion on youth delinquency is not based on scientific research. Instead, it is based on societal assumptions. As a result, these opinions are biased and insufficient in informing policy formulation. According to Maahs and Pratt (2017), the use of imprisonment or punishment as a way to combat youth offending is a strategy that lacks objectivity. In the comments, a significant per centage of the public supported the naming and shaming policy as an effective measure to suppress youth crime. However, this move does not delve into the key external forces that compel the young people to commit criminal acts. Studies also refute the notion that criminal activities are based on personal decisions. A significant percentage of the public posted that the young people engaged in crime intentionally. However, according to Ciardha and Gannon (2012), some of the criminal activities are prompted by psychological distress. Moreover, Ciardha and Gannon (2012) point out that social learning influences some of the offenses. In this respect, it is nature of the society that shapes the behaviors of the young people. This argument challenges the deliberations of classical theories. Instead of the society assuming that youth delinquency is intentional, they should embrace that multiple factors motivate the condition. However, academic literature seems to have significant support for those who commented from the strain theory perspective. According to Hoeve, McReynolds, and Wasserman (2014), the classical theories prove insignificant, particularly in the case recidivism. From the comments, the majority of the people supported the naming and shaming of frequent offenders. However, Hoeve, McReynolds, and Wasserman (2014) advise that instead of punishing recidivists, they should be subjected to psychological screening to establish their mental wellbeing. Notably, studies have established a positive correlation between youth recidivism and mental disorders. In particular, Baglivio et al. (2016) maintain that maltreatment of offenders increases the possibilities of reoffending. This view contradicts public support for naming and shaming of delinquent youths. Naming and shaming of criminals are psychological maltreatments that can have a permanent damage on a persons emotions. Despite its adversities, H oeve, McReynolds, and Wasserman (2014) state that majority of people support harsh punishments for youth offenders since they believe that it deters criminal activities. Furthermore, scholars disapprove the equal treatment of youth and adult offenders. According to Cunneen, et al. (2015), youth offenders are legally incompetent and should not be equated to adults. The public has shown massive support for keeping distinct boundaries between young and adult offenders. According to Farrington, Loeber, and Howell (2017), it is widely accepted that age affects the decision-making ability of individuals. In this view, Young offenders should not be handled as the adult delinquents since they differ in their decision-making abilities. However, Farrington, Loeber, and Howell (2017) agree that this leniency in law has motivated juveniles to commit criminal offenses. Unlike the views presented by the majority of the comments on the article, the public prefers a rehabilitative and a no coercive approach to addressing youth delinquency. According to Pealer, Terry, and Adams (2017), the public understands that young people are still in the developmental stage and their behaviors can be easily altered. In fact, the society has significantly advocated for the abolishment of youth imprisonment. This revelation contrasts the views presented by those who called for harsh punishment for young offenders in the comments section. Conclusively, the comments by the public to the Courier Mail article theorize youth offending from the perspective of classical and strain theories. While a significant percentage of the public posted that youth offenders should be treated equally with adult criminals, this view contradicts the one by academic literature on public opinion on youth crime. However, they both agree that the public tends to support a punitive framework in designing youth justice systems. Moreover, some of the comments agree with scholarly works that youth crime is a complex subject that requires an inclusive policy approach to manage. References Baglivio, M. T. et al., 2016. Maltreatment, child welfare, and recidivism in a sample of deep-end crossover youth. Journal of youth and adolescence, 45(4), pp. 625-654. Ciardha, . C. Gannon, T., 2012. The implicit theories of firesetters: A preliminary conceptualization. Aggression and Violent Behaviour, Volume 17, p. Aggression and Violent Behaviour. Cunneen, C., White, R. Richards, K., 2015. Juvenile Justice: Youth and Crime in Australia. Fifth ed. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Farrington, D. P., Loeber, R. Howell, J. C., 2017. Increasing the Minimum Age for Adult Court. Criminology Public Policy, 16(1), pp. 83-92. Hoeve, M., McReynolds, L. S. Wasserman, G. A., 2014. Service referral for juvenile justice youths: Associations with psychiatric disorder and recidivism. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 41(3), pp. 379-389. Maahs, J. Pratt, T. C., 2017. I Hate These Little Turds!: Science, Entertainment, and the Enduring Popularity of Scared Straight Programs. Deviant behavior, 38(1), pp. 47-60. Maruna, S. King, A., 2009. Once a Criminal, Always a Criminal?: Redeemability'and the Psychology of Punitive Public Attitudes. European Journal of Criminal Policy and Research, Volume 15, pp. 7-24. Pealer, J., Terry, A. N. Adams, K. R., 2017. Voices from inside the walls: Views of the juvenile justice system from the youthful offenders. Corrections, 2(2), pp. 130-147. Reynolds, A. D. Crea, T. M., 2015. Peer influence processes for youth delinquency and depression. Journal of Adolescence, Volume 43, pp. 83-95. Shoemaker, D. J., 2010. Theories of Delinquency: An Examination of Explanations of Delinquent Behavior. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Total Quality Management Advantages and Disadvantages

Introduction Total quality management refers to the approach used by the management to improve the quality of production and the organization’s performance in tandem with the needs of its goals.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Total Quality Management: Advantages and Disadvantages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this case, quality management combines various elements of the organization connected with the improvement, development and maintenance of operations. Thus, these include factors such as cost control, employee performance, revenue accrual and management functions. These factors should be balanced to assure the success of the organization. Advantages of TQM TQM is important to organizations. It assists them attain efficiency in production and processing by preventing errors before they happen during work in process. Oakland (2001) notes that TQM addresses fundamental problem extents such as red undant processes, identical efforts, work processes and unnecessary tasks. Besides, TQM intervention plays a key role in predicting errors and providing appropriate measures to pre-empt them before they actually occur. This aspect encouraged efficiency and enables an organization to save on time and costs. Guasch (2007) points out that TQM enhances customer satisfaction. TQM intentions are tailored towards improving product or service through value addition. It attains this aspect by embracing a suitable strategy to correlate with the customer’s expectations. For instance, Oakland (2001) explains that to guarantee customer satisfaction, TQM reduces waiting time by changing how a customer is handled. It also makes changes in the delivery process to ensure a product/service reaches the customer on time and improves on the quality of products eliminating the needs of repair improving customers’ loyalty. Also, TQM is important in improving the organization’s develop ment. TQM builds the culture of change in the organization by championing for education of all employees on quality practices. This helps to make quality a concern for all and not just for Total Quality Assurance department. Focusing on quality contributes to a culture of proactive work tailored towards preventing errors.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, Guasch (2007) demonstrates that by focusing on teamwork, TQM succeeds in enhancing cross-departmental cooperation, thereby facilitating knowledge sharing. Knowledge sharing benefits an organization because it contributes to improved communication among employees and simplifies the organization’s communication hierarchy. Besides, knowledge sharing leads to widening of knowledge and skill-set of employees and breeds a culture of flexibility when an organization is deploying personnel in various epartments. This ensures cost competitiveness is achieved in the organization. Pfeifer (2002) explains that TQM improves human management in an organization. In human resources management, TQM spreads the rights of the business process to employees involved by empowering them to correct errors on the spot without waiting for directions from their superiors. This characteristic provides a total fulfillment environment and fixes an intrinsic enthusiasm among employees. Similarly, the TQM emphasizes improving productivity by eliminating mistakes and fixes the completion of objectives much faster. The employees may use the available free time to gain more knowledge aimed at improving existing products or services or coming up with new ones. TQM fixes an all round benefits enabling an organization achieve competitive advantage. In contemporary business, where borders are decreasing and barriers eliminated, there is free flow of information and products; an organization may embrace TQM to preserves its efficiency by creating new products, redesigning old ones and lowering prices. Hence, TQM strategy enables organizations to achieve all these benefits more easily. Disadvantages of TQM Although many organizations have accrued tangible benefits by embracing TQM, there are various disadvantages associated with the practice. Oakland (2001) points out that TQM calls for a new approach in the organization focused on process improvement and continuous customer fulfillment. Thus, for these aspects to take place, an organization should aim at changing its attitude and embrace prioritization of its daily daily operations. Additionally, TQM needs assurance and calls for all employee participation.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Total Quality Management: Advantages and Disadvantages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, Guasch (2007) notes that there are challenges involved in changing an organization’s cu lture because the aspect integrates an intertwining array of roles, values and processes. These aspects receive some resistance from employees who term them as a danger to their jobs. Also, TQM calls for planning, resources and time. Implementing a TQM system may take years of planning and resources of the organization. This is also coupled with management commitment. Where there is no support from management in terms of availing resources, TQM may fail. Seaver (2003) points out that quality is expensive to implement. Implementation requires additional costs such as consulting fees, training, infrastructure improvement and team development fees. In the long-run, the investment may be costly to an organization. TQM takes years to yield results. Hence, an organization opting to get instant result is disadvantaged. It calls for dedication, patience, motivation and perseverance during the whole process. However, many organizations have given up when results are not forthcoming. Besides, organizations operating in a stiff competitive environment have seen it a waste of time. TQM is tailored towards standardization. Standardization weakens creativity because it, discourages new skills and innovation in an organization which could have increased productivity. Benefits TQM improves the organizational performance. The performance of an organization is tied to how its processes are efficiently executed. Thus, TQM ensures that the organization’s processes are consistent with its quality standards; thus increasing its performance. Pfeifer (2002) carried out an investigation in Malaysia to determine the effectiveness of TQM in improving performance in an organization. About 400 hundred organizations were evaluated. After analyzing the data collected, it was found out that a strong relationship existed between TQM and commitment to customers, sales and profit, product quality and development, communication between divisions, marketing and respect for management (Pfei fer, 2002)).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More TQM is an approach taken by organizations to keep aligned to the goal of striving to give the best of service by constantly improving the services offered. TQM systems are put in place to constantly continuously watch and evaluate the organization’s determination to quality. For instance, the Ford Company, since its inception, has continuously aimed at sustaining TQM in its production line of Ford Vehicles. Ford has formulated and implemented the quality management philosophy, where more emphasis is particularly integrated in designing and coming up with a finished product that met the requirements of the customers. Similarly, in order to avoid wasteful production, Ford arranges for the production system, which entailed reducing the finished product immediately, in order to detect any element of malfunctioning. In case a default is detected, the product is rechecked to clarify the amount of damage. In case the damage is huge, the product is redesigned to facilitate constructi on of another default- less product. Conclusion TQM is an important component that organizations should deploy in order to attain efficiency, streamline processes and improve customer satisfaction, among others. Due to the present competitiveness of firms, TQM assures business has a competitive advantage over others in terms of service delivery, quality, operations and reduced costs. However, despite the efficiency of TQM in businesses, organizations should be aware of the challenges posed by embracing the TQM system. They should understand that TQM might call for a change in an organization’s culture. The results also take longer to be visible and it encourages standardization which weakens creativity and innovation. References List Guasch, L. (2007). Quality Systems and Standards for a Competitive Edge.Washington: World Bank Oakland, J. (2001). Total organizational excellence: achieving world-class performance. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Publishers Pfeifer, T. (2002). Qu ality management: strategies, methods, techniques; with 3 tables. Cincinnati: HanserGardner. Seaver, M. (2003). Gower Handbook of Quality Management. Aldershort: Gower Publishing, Ltd. This report on Total Quality Management: Advantages and Disadvantages was written and submitted by user Fallen One to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

german u boats essays

german u boats essays The submarine is one of the greatest naval inventions in the history of war. This innovation allows men to dive to certain depths in the open seas at will. Submarines were equipped with weapons and communication devices. The submarine could stay at sea for months at a time and only required a few men to operate. They were small, quick, and hard to locate by larger ships. The submarine was thought to be the perfect naval vessel. The concept of the submarine dates back to Archimedes, the ancient mathematician, who dreamed of building war vessels that could submerge at will and operate under the sea, so that they might sink the enemy without forewarning of their presence(Bennett 265). A Dutchman named Cornelis Drebbel built the first successful submarine in 1620. Cornelis had designed a wooden submersible vehicle encased in leather. It was able to carry 12 rowers and a total of 20 men. Amazingly enough, the vessel could dive to the depth of 20 meters and travel 10-km. He conducted several series of trips below the surface of the Thames River, which lasted many hours. This early submarine was the first to address the problem of oxygen replenishment while submerged. In 1774, Thomas Day was one of those who lost their lives while trying to make the submarine dream a reality. The first use of the submarine in combat was in 1778 during the American Revolution when David Bushnells hand-propelled Turtle was sent to attack the 64-gunned flagship, HMS Eagle. The Turtle had a one man crew operation. In 1790, Robert Fulton developed a submarine called the Plunger, which he tried to interest Napoleon Bonaparte in its potential as a great naval investment. During the Civil War in the United States of America, the Confederate Hunley was dispatched and successfully sank the blockading Federal ships. At this time, three inventions were developed: ...

What Is a Cartilaginous Fish

What Is a Cartilaginous Fish Cartilaginous fish are fish that have a skeleton made of cartilage, rather than bone. All sharks, skates, and rays (e.g., the southern stingray) are cartilaginous fish. These fish all fall into the group of fish called the elasmobranchs. Characteristics of Cartilaginous Fish In addition to the difference in their skeletons, cartilaginous fish have gills that open to the ocean through slits, rather than the bony covering that is present in bony fish. Different shark species may have different numbers of gill slits. Cartilaginous fish may also breathe through spiracles, rather than gills. Spiracles are found on top of the heads of all rays and skates, and some sharks. These openings allow the fish to rest on the ocean bottom and draw oxygenated water in through the top of their head, allowing them to breathe without breathing in sand. A cartilaginous fishs skin is covered in placoid scales, or dermal denticles, tooth-like scales different from the flat scales (called ganoid, ctenoid or cycloid) found on bony fish. Classification of Cartilaginous Fish Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: Elasmobranchii Evolution of Cartilaginous Fish Where did cartilaginous fish come from, and when? According to fossil evidence (primarily based on shark teeth, which get preserved much more readily than any other part of a shark), the earliest sharks evolved about 400 million years ago. Modern sharks arrived starting around 35 million years ago, and megalodon, white sharks, and hammerheads came about 23 million years ago. Rays and skates have been around longer than us, but their fossil record dates back to about 150 million years ago, so they evolved well after the first sharks. Where Do Cartilaginous Fish Live? Cartilaginous fish live all around the world, in all kinds of water - from rays that inhabit shallow, sandy bottoms to sharks that live out in the deep, open ocean. What Do Cartilaginous Fish Eat? A cartilaginous fishs diet varies by species. Sharks are important apex predators and may eat fish and marine mammals such as seals and whales. Rays and skates, who primarily live on the ocean bottom, will eat other bottom-dwelling creatures, including marine invertebrates such as crabs, clams, oysters, and shrimp. Some huge cartilaginous fish, such as whale sharks, basking sharks, and manta rays, feed on tiny plankton. How Do Cartilaginous Fish Reproduce? All cartilaginous fish reproduce using internal fertilization. The male uses claspers to grasp the female, and then he releases sperm to fertilize the females oocytes. After that, reproduction can differ among sharks, skates, and rays. Sharks may lay eggs or give birth to live young, rays give birth to live young, and skates lay eggs that are deposited inside an egg case. In sharks and rays, the young may be nourished by a placenta, yolk sac, unfertilized egg capsules, or even by feeding on other young. Young skates are nourished by a yolk in the egg case. When cartilaginous fish are born, they look like miniature reproductions of adults. How Long Do Cartilaginous Fish Live? Some cartilaginous fish may live for up to 50-100 years. Examples of Cartilaginous Fish: Whale SharkBasking SharkGreat White SharkThresher SharksSkatesSouthern Stingray References: Canadian Shark Research Lab. 2007. Skates and Rays of Atlantic Canada: Reproduction. Canadian Shark Research Lab. Accessed September 12, 2011.Icthyology Department at FL Museum of Natural History. Shark Basics. Accessed September 27, 2011.Icthyology Department at FL Museum of Natural History. Â  Shark Biology Accessed September 27, 2011.Icthyology Department at FL Museum of Natural History. Â  Ray and Skate Biology Accessed September 27, 2011.Martin, R.A. Evolution of a Super Predator. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Accessed September 27, 2011.Murphy, D. 2005. More About Condricthyes: Sharks and Their Kin. Devonian Times. Accessed September 27, 2011.

Reaction Paper for the movie The Godfather (1972) Essay

Reaction Paper for the movie The Godfather (1972) - Essay Example Mobsters can sometimes seem more like cartoons than real people. However, there is one movie that sets the bar for what all others would be compared to. That movie is the Godfather, directed by Francis Ford Coppola, and it tells the story of the Corleone crime family. The family, as led by Don Vito Corleone (Marlon Brando), fights for money and power in the grimy and sometimes glamourous world of organized crime. There are three sons, one adopted son, and one daughter in the family. Set in the years following the Second World War, the main plot of the movie is that the Don is given a chance by other mobsters for his family to expand their empire by getting involved in the drug trade. The Don, however, doesn’t think this is the right thing to do. This makes the other families angry and they begin to prepare for war. The Don along with his sons, Sonny (James Caan), Fredo, and consigliere Tom Hagen (Robert Duvall), prepare to do what must be done to preserve the power they have f ought so long and hard to have. The youngest son, Michael Corleone (Al Pacino) has never been involved in the crime part of the family and isn’t well known to the other families. Everyone thinks he is different. They think he is a war hero and has no street smarts. He has spent time fighting on a battlefield which is so much different than the political streets of New York. In the end the movie shows he is different: he is better at being a don and a mobster than anyone else. Throughout the movie, the tension between family and crime is constantly explored. The biggest theme that this film deals with is the theme of family, shown in both a literal and metaphorical sense. For me this was by far the most fascinating part of this movie—to see how the various children of the Don have to deal with the pressures of the new responsibilities thrown on them by the war that is underway. This drama is powerfully represented in the script and

Federal Training Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Federal Training Programs - Essay Example The curriculum in the training programs is designed in such a manner to enhance the competence and capabilities of the work force and to increase the leadership qualities of the senior management. The participants are trained in a manner to enhance their capabilities and to serve the country in future. The training programs of the Federal Government were aimed at reducing the unemployment problem, under wages, inequality due to sex and race, women empowerment and addressing the problem of asylum seekers and refugees. According to government's initiative about the training programs undertaken, four strategic goals are to be achieved. They are 1. A prepared work force, A secure Work force, Quality Work places and a Competitive Work force. Achieving these targets was done well in the past now the strategic plan is being upgraded.1 According to the new goals of achievement are 1. A prepared work force should give training and offer services to newly recruited workers and those services must reflect quality. They must supply information about the economy. A competitive work force increases the capacity of the work force. It develops the capabilities of the work force and the regulatory systems. ... It develops the capabilities of the work force and the regulatory systems. These regulatory systems must assist the workers and managements in coping with the challenges in the international competition. These programs must ensure the safety, health in work places. The work places will be safe and secure. These safe and secure measures include the wages of the workers and also equality between them. The equality in opportunity and employment must be achieved. This equality must be applied for both the sexes and all the races. By protecting the economy the economic security can be strengthened and must ensure transparency in the Union. This will provide secure pensions and health benefits for the retired and disabled personnel. Along with the above achievements the president's management Agenda can be considered as the focus of the efforts of the department of labor. These include management of Human capital, increasing competitiveness in sourcing, financial performance, e governance and integration in budget performance. The goals, if achieved in a right perspective, they respond to evolving employment and training needs. By spurring the work force the department can give workers more flexibility, which makes them career oriented. This can create work force investment. The department did provide grants in order to enhance the capacity of the community and technical colleges, which train workers. Along with the above targets the protection of the workers also was present in the consideration. Emphasizing on high risk work places to make them more secure is one of the targets. The people involved in fighting global war on terror also will be considered and their needs will be addressed. To address

Attachment and Parenting Styles Essay Example for Free

Attachment and Parenting Styles Essay Everyone has had some type of caregiver some point in his or her life. The only difference is the type of method used for parenting. â€Å"Parenting styles have been grouped into four different styles: indulgent, authoritarian, authoritative, and uninvolved† (Darling Eric, 1999. para. 3). With each kind of parenting style, there are pros and cons that help or disrupt a child’s well-being. Parents should make sure the type of parenting style they expose their child to will be positive and not negatively affect the child. A negative impact could hinder a child’s current behavior and future behavior. Parenting Styles The authoritarian approach provides children with a set of rules that must be followed without questioning. There is a â€Å"do as I say not as I do† attitude. The authoritarian parenting style is the stricter style. According to the textbook, â€Å"The authoritarian child-rearing style is low in acceptance and involvement, high in coercive control, and low in autonomy granting† (Berk, 2010, pg. 279). Parents who use this method set strict limits and show little or no love appearing to be cold. If a child resists the parent, the parent will result into a forceful punishment. It is not uncommon for a parent with this approach to shame, blame, punish, and tease his or her child. The most common reason for parents using this method is that they do not want their children to become failures. The uninvolved approach rejects and neglects a child. According to the textbook, â€Å"the uninvolved child-rearing style combines low acceptance and involvement with little control and general indifference to issues of autonomy† (Berk, 2010, pg. 280). A parent will usually make few to no demands from the child. It is not uncommon for a parent to be overcome with his or her life that he or she express’s little or no interest in the child causing neglecting. A child who is around this type of atmosphere may have several problems that include antisocial behavior and developing a low self-esteem. It is possible for a parent to focus on his or her own problems that they do not realize how separate he or she is with the child and the lack of emotional support given. Types of Attachments A child who may have a parent whose parenting style is authoritarian may have a resistant attachment. â€Å"Resistant attachment affects about 10 percent of infants† (Machteld, 2011, para. 7). With resistant attachment a child is likely to be clingy, angry, and distressed. A child may cry for longer periods and cannot feel comfort as easily as other children. An uninvolved parent may have a child who expresses avoidant attachment. â€Å"This attachment affects about 15 percent of infants† (Machteld, 2011, para. 9). During this attachment a child may show a lack of interest when the parent is around. He or she will not be distraught when the parent leaves. They are not going to be clingy and will treat strangers the same as they do his or her parents. The reasons for choosing these attachments are because they go hand-in-hand with the type of parenting styles chosen. If a child has a parent with the authoritarian style of parenting he or she is likely to go through the resistant attachment. A child who has a parent uninvolved is likely to go through the avoidant attachment. Each type of parenting style will have a different type of attachment. Culture Impact and Examples Different cultures vary in the way they raise children and what is thought to be the right or wrong way. Culture can play a role in the impact of raising a child. What may be satisfactory in one culture may be wrong in another. The textbook provides several examples of culture impact and attachment patterns. â€Å"German infants show considerably more avoidant attachment than American babies do. But German parents value independence and encourage their infants to be non-clingy† (Berk, 2010. pg. 199). In one culture independence is encouraged and a child with avoidant attachment is not seen as a negative impact. In another culture a parent may believe this attachment is neglectful and not want his or her child to express this type of attachment. â€Å"Infants in Africa showed no avoidant attachment to their mothers. Even when grandmothers are the primary caregivers† (Berk, 2010. pg. 199). It is common for a Japanese baby to show resistant attachment. This is not because of any insecurity, but because a Japanese mother will normally not leave her child in anyone else’s care. Japanese parents see this as normal. Conclusion Each parent must figure out which type of parenting style works best for him or her. The type of parenting style not only affects the parent but also the child. As a responsible parent it is his or her job to make sure that the obstacles of everyday life does not hinder him or her from being a good parent. With the authoritarian style or uninvolved style a child will be shown and acquire his or her morals. It is not right to neglect or over discipline a child. A parent can be strict and loving at the same time. A child needs to have both discipline and love to be well-rounded. Too much discipline can force a child to have problems just as neglecting a child will also. There has to be a middle where the parent can realize when enough is enough. References Berk, L. E. (2010). Development through the lifespan. (5th ed., pp. 119-215). Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon. Darling, N., ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education, C. L. (1999). Parenting Style and Its Correlates. ERIC Digest. Machteld, Hoeve (2011). Maternal and paternal parenting styles: Unique and combined links to adolescent and early adult delinquency. Journal of Adolescence, 34813-827. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.02.004

How can the company FX-Solutions Financial Services Ltd improve interna

Internal communication is essential for creating a culture of transparency between management and employees, as well as among all employees. Quirke (2008) noted that the role of internal communication is to â€Å"illuminate the connections between different pieces of information† (p. xv), and its job is â€Å"to provide employees with the information they need to do their job† (p. xv). It includes both official communications, such as guidelines, policies, memos, etc. - and unofficial communication. There are three interdependent areas in the company FX-Solutions Financial Services Ltd where problems occur and must be addressed in order to improve the internal communication: †¢ Company’s culture and environment. †¢ Clear definition of what needs to be communicated and by whom. †¢ Systems, which company creates to allow and support the internal communication. Let me state some examples of the communication issues within the company. Insufficiency in interdepartmental communication, people do not communicate when required or do not communicate issues to the all co-workers whose job is related to this issue/change, which causes misunderstandings and mistakes that leads to decreased quality of provided services. Evident lack of appropriate â€Å"downward† communication, where employees are most of the time provided with either incomplete, modified or no information, what affects their day-to-day job. Therefore, the aim of this report is to present directions and solutions that should be implemented in order to strengthen and maintain an efficient flow of information inside the company. To begin with, in order to establish good internal communication the first step should be towards creating an â€Å"open† working environment which encourages smooth flow o... ...y using appropriate ways, it is essential for the company to regularly monitor the internal communication- by asking for feedback from employees, testing the information flow, or making regular comparison of previous evaluation with current ones. Works Cited Gillis, T. L. (2011). The IABC Handbook of Organizational Communication: A guide to internal communication, public relations, marketing, and leadership (2nd ed.). Retrieved from Books24x7 version database. Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, F.P. (1997). Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Quirke, B. (2008). Making the Connections: Using Internal Communication to Turn Strategy Into Action (2nd revised ed.). England: Gower Publishing Ltd, p. xv. Peters, T. J., & Waterman, R. H. (1982). In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America's Best-run Companies. New York, US: Harper & Row.

Ah Xian

Ah Xian (1960-) Throughout April 1989, large numbers of students gathered in Tian'anmen Square, in front of the Forbidden Palace in the centre of Beijing in China. They were demonstrating against political corruption and economic instability. As the crowds continued to grow, so did the displeasure of the government of the People's Republic of China. By the beginning of June, armed soldiers were sent in to suppress the protest. This they did, violently, leaving between 400 and 7000 people dead (because of the lack of freedom of the press in China at the time figures are very unreliable).Ah Xian (pronounced `ar see-arn') had friends who were jailed because of their involvement in the protests. The following year he sought political asylum in Australia. He has lived in Sydney since then, working in both Australia and China. His work can be seen as an attempt to reconcile his past and present lives; it is a visual bridge between the east (his homeland of China) and the west (Australia, w here he lives). His sculptures present a contrast between the three-dimensional busts that belong to the western portrait tradition and the two-dimensional surface which is painted with traditional, symbolic and decorative Chinese patterns.In 1997, in his backyard studio, Ah Xian began to make porcelain busts on plaster casts he made over the figures of friends and family. He then glazed these busts with traditional hand-painted Chinese designs. Since 1999 he has collaborated with Chinese artisans in Jingdezhen (the historical centre of China's fine porcelain production), who paint the traditional designs that he selects after research in pattern books. He used their expertise to decorate the three-dimensional works of the human figure in his series called China China.Ah Xian China China Bust 1999 The eyes of Ah Xian's figures are always closed. The faces are still and silent and wear no expression. In many ways figures such as Dr John Yu AC (right) remind us of the western traditio n of portrait busts begun by the Romans. We see the same head and shoulder view in the two portrait busts in the first century CE Roman sculpture in Figure 1. 48. Dr John Yu is a Sydney paediatrician (doctor who treats children). He was born in China but has lived in Australia since he was 3 years old.The inclusion of colourful children climbing on the sculpture follows the Chinese tradition of placing small children's figures around images of the Laughing Buddha and Guanyin (the god of compassion and mercy) and creates a contrast to the simple undecorated figure. They also symbolise John Yu's work with sick children. Ah Xian creating the mould on Dr Yu’s face In the works of Ah Xian's China China-Bust series, such as China China-Bust (Right), the bust is covered in oriental decorative motifs such as those used for centuries on traditional Chinese vases, plates and bowls.Each bust uses a different pattern, most of which are symbolic. They are all intricate and include real an d mythical creatures, such as the dragon and the phoenix, flowers such as the peony and the lotus, and traditional landscapes. These patterns cover the whole background of the face and figure and, like a tattoo, can be seen as a permanent mark left by culture and tradition. Sometimes the designs follow the contours of the head, sometimes they contradict them. Since 2000 Ah Xian has also worked in other traditional Chinese craft techniques such as cloisonne (pronounced `klwa zo nay'), lacquer work and jade carving.Human human-lotus, cloisonne figure 1 (Fig. 4. 72) is a life-size figure of a woman made from sections of copper sheet that have been panelbeaten by hand and covered in intricate cloisonne patterns of lotus flowers and lily pads. In 2001, in a workshop in Hebei province outside Beijing, Ah Man worked in the 700-year-old technique of cloisonne, which was applied to a full body cast. The lotus pattern covering the form symbolises peace, happiness and spiritual unfolding. Ah Xian Ah Xian (1960-) Throughout April 1989, large numbers of students gathered in Tian'anmen Square, in front of the Forbidden Palace in the centre of Beijing in China. They were demonstrating against political corruption and economic instability. As the crowds continued to grow, so did the displeasure of the government of the People's Republic of China. By the beginning of June, armed soldiers were sent in to suppress the protest. This they did, violently, leaving between 400 and 7000 people dead (because of the lack of freedom of the press in China at the time figures are very unreliable).Ah Xian (pronounced `ar see-arn') had friends who were jailed because of their involvement in the protests. The following year he sought political asylum in Australia. He has lived in Sydney since then, working in both Australia and China. His work can be seen as an attempt to reconcile his past and present lives; it is a visual bridge between the east (his homeland of China) and the west (Australia, w here he lives). His sculptures present a contrast between the three-dimensional busts that belong to the western portrait tradition and the two-dimensional surface which is painted with traditional, symbolic and decorative Chinese patterns.In 1997, in his backyard studio, Ah Xian began to make porcelain busts on plaster casts he made over the figures of friends and family. He then glazed these busts with traditional hand-painted Chinese designs. Since 1999 he has collaborated with Chinese artisans in Jingdezhen (the historical centre of China's fine porcelain production), who paint the traditional designs that he selects after research in pattern books. He used their expertise to decorate the three-dimensional works of the human figure in his series called China China.Ah Xian China China Bust 1999 The eyes of Ah Xian's figures are always closed. The faces are still and silent and wear no expression. In many ways figures such as Dr John Yu AC (right) remind us of the western traditio n of portrait busts begun by the Romans. We see the same head and shoulder view in the two portrait busts in the first century CE Roman sculpture in Figure 1. 48. Dr John Yu is a Sydney paediatrician (doctor who treats children). He was born in China but has lived in Australia since he was 3 years old.The inclusion of colourful children climbing on the sculpture follows the Chinese tradition of placing small children's figures around images of the Laughing Buddha and Guanyin (the god of compassion and mercy) and creates a contrast to the simple undecorated figure. They also symbolise John Yu's work with sick children. Ah Xian creating the mould on Dr Yu’s face In the works of Ah Xian's China China-Bust series, such as China China-Bust (Right), the bust is covered in oriental decorative motifs such as those used for centuries on traditional Chinese vases, plates and bowls.Each bust uses a different pattern, most of which are symbolic. They are all intricate and include real an d mythical creatures, such as the dragon and the phoenix, flowers such as the peony and the lotus, and traditional landscapes. These patterns cover the whole background of the face and figure and, like a tattoo, can be seen as a permanent mark left by culture and tradition. Sometimes the designs follow the contours of the head, sometimes they contradict them. Since 2000 Ah Xian has also worked in other traditional Chinese craft techniques such as cloisonne (pronounced `klwa zo nay'), lacquer work and jade carving.Human human-lotus, cloisonne figure 1 (Fig. 4. 72) is a life-size figure of a woman made from sections of copper sheet that have been panelbeaten by hand and covered in intricate cloisonne patterns of lotus flowers and lily pads. In 2001, in a workshop in Hebei province outside Beijing, Ah Man worked in the 700-year-old technique of cloisonne, which was applied to a full body cast. The lotus pattern covering the form symbolises peace, happiness and spiritual unfolding.

My Dream Essay

Hello everybody, i’m Doan Phuong Ly and i have been studied at Saigontech since 2012. My main major is Business Management. And i will have 2 more semesters to finish this program. I do really enjoy the business so that after graduating from this college , i hope that i can afford myself to attend the higher business program like MBA or rather , i will attend some Advanced Diploma certification which is necessary to my business in the future. As a person who are interested in business, i need to know the essential needs and basics of business so when i joined this course i feel it seems very useful and necessary to achieve my goals in my work life now and in the future. Eventhough, this course is short but it includes alot of content about the business such as the business environment, how to creating – financing – marketing and managing a business. In my life now, i have quite a lot of problems when i want to open my own business, such as opening my fashion shop, i’ve met quite a lots of trouble to identify and find out the best way to reach to my purpose. Fortunately, when participating in this course, there are too many things in books and also my instructor support a lots of business knowledge. It helps me to apply to my business work now, and if i can go further, i can understand the economic situation so that i may manage my business more effectively and i will achieve much success in my future.

SPEECH-MUHAMMAD ALI Essays - Islam, Sahabah, Free Essays

SPEECH-MUHAMMAD ALI Essays - Islam, Sahabah, Free Essays SPEECH-MUHAMMAD ALI "I hated every minutes of training, but I said. Don't quit, suffer now and live the rest of your life as a champion" - Muhammad A li. Can you guess this inspirational quote is from whom ? It was from the Greatest o f All Time Muhammad Ali. At first he was known as Cassius Clay before he converted to Islam and changed his name. Ali has touched upon so many lives, and such a diverse group of people, shows that even now, nearly 35 years after his retirement, Ali still inspires us all of us athlete or not, young or old, white or black. The reason why he's the Greatest of All Time is not because of what he did in the ring, which was unbelievable. It's what he did outside of the ring, what he believed in, what he stood for. H e is a great inspiration, he fights racism in the world and he is involved in many humanitarian groups . In 1975, Ali says he threw his gold medal in the Ohio River after not being served at a "whites only" restaurant . As he said "Service to others is the rent you pay for your house on earth." Ali gave me the great deal of confidence and deep down in the belief that's there's no one that can stop us from doing what we wanted to do. F or Example , Muhammad A li was diagnosed with his longtime battle with Parkinson's disease in mid-1980. He lost the ability to speak as his illness is getting worse, but he still helping raising millions of dollar for charity and inspiring of entire community. Muhammad Ali was also known for his public stance against the Vietnam War . I admired the fact that he was concerned about people. In 1960 he refuses an Army call-up . He was given two alternatives either goes to jail or war, but he said there is another alternative which is justice. Islam is peace, He refuse to kill innocent people because Islam are against killing and violence. He inspired me and gave me a voice. He told us that we mattered. He humanized our Muslims' story. His confidences were equally matched with his humility and compassion in his later life. He taught me to love hu manity w hether you are black, white, Jewish, Christian, Muslim, poor or rich. He is celebrated not only for his remarkable athletic skills but for his willingness to speak his mind and his courage to challenge the status quo. He has inspired us and the world to be the best version of ourselves. To be the best you must believe with yourself, Speak what you want to speak , tell yourself you a re the greates t , be confident you can do it . Specific purpose To explain or inform the audience about a man, Muhammad Ali who is stro ng and very outspoken person that inspire us to never give up in anything or whatever we wanted to do in life. He trying to bring peace and prosperity to the world. Therefore, Muhammad Ali influences a lot of people to strive to be the best. Central ideas Muhammad Ali, a famous and very inspiring boxing champion that has touched upon so many lives, and such a diverse group of people. During his career, his influence on the world of boxing changed the sport forever. He fights racism in the world and he is involved in many humanitarian groups. He gave me the great deal of confidence and deep down in the belief that's there's no one that can stop us from doing what we wanted to do. Ali was diagnosed with his longtime battle with Parkinson's but he still helping raising millions of dollar for charity. He also refuse d an Army call-up to kill innocent people because Islam are against killing and violence. He taught us to love humanity whether you are black, white, Jewish, Christian, Muslim, poor or rich. Until the end, his name will always reflects on our lives.

Who Will Write My Term Paper at Affordable Rates

Who Will Write My Term Paper at Affordable Rates Who Will Write My Term Paper at Affordable Rates? Understandably, student who have made their minds to order assistance always look for affordable, but high quality writing services since most of them are not employed or are part-time workers. Hectic student life leaves not much time for out-of-class activities and term papers consume much of their time because they demand adequate exposure on the subject under discussion. Who can write my term paper at affordable rates? desperate students need to submit their term papers before the stipulated deadlines. Term papers contribute a major share on students overall grading. This means that students have to give term papers their best shot in order to advance to the next learning level. College students are always assigned term papers at nearly the same time making it difficult for them to complete the papers in a quality fashion. Completing one term paper and immediately starting another can compromise quality of the subsequent paper. Students therefore need assistance on their term papers in order to score good grades. Our paper writing service agency employs fresh university graduates to assist clients in completing their assignments. Most of the term papers ordered from our paper writing service are from college hence writers find them easy to complete. Doing a term paper requires writers who have good research and writing skills. Term papers are assessments given to students to ascertain whether they have grasped the idea of the course or not. Doing term papers is therefore challenging because it requires the student to remember the concepts learned in class. We offer to help you with your term paper for cost-effective prices. Our writers are very cooperative and will help you any time of the day. Freelance writing agencies recognize that majority of students depend on their parents for upkeep. It is therefore upon the student to save some cash so that he/she can purchase term papers. Therefore, we have done everything possible to provide student in need with affordable, plagiarism free and high quality content. But you should also be considerate of the writers needs, high quality papers cannot be to cheap, as the writers need motivation to produce a good paper. A discouraged writer is likely to produce term papers of low quality, which will be of no use to you. Order with our custom writing service and we will help you with any kind of paper you have a hard time doing. Just fill in the order form in a few simple steps and pay for your order. Now you have some free time to spare on other activities while a suitable writer deals with your order. You wonder Who can write my term paper for me? Visit and order a custom term paper written by professional writers.

Is the U.S. Winning the Drug War in Latin America Research Paper - 1

Is the U.S. Winning the Drug War in Latin America - Research Paper Example CON: No, the US is not winning the drug war in Latin America 1. Latin American nations are moving towards drug legalization 2. Drugs have become important in balancing international trade in Peru by earning the nation a huge foreign income 3. US anti-drug operations in some nations like Guatemala and Mexico are accused of victimization in their war on drugs 4. Venezuelan government is aiding drug traffickers by making the nation a key launching pad for US and Europe-bound cocaine 5. Latin America has marked a huge rise in coca production over the past few years despite the US efforts of discouraging its production Amidst the narcotics decriminalizing calls by some leading Latin American leaders, Janet Napolitano, the US Homeland Security Secretary defended the drug war strategy of the US. In her tour of Central America and Mexico to strengthen the security cooperation with the nations, Napolitano claimed that the US would continue assisting the Latin American efforts of going after t he regional producers and traffickers of drugs despite persistent drug-related violence.1 She claims that drug war has not failed but is rather a continuous effort of keeping the regional population from addiction to the dangerous drugs. Felipe Calderon, the Mexican President, supports the war and his target is the leading kingpins, capturing and/or killing several key cartel figures with the help of the US. The two nations are also united in the search for Joaquin Guzman, after he escaped in 2001 from prison.2 Alvaro Uribe, Columbia’s President, started meeting the other regional nations’ leaders on 4 August 2009 in support of the US anti-drug campaign. During the trip, Uribe’s aim was attempting to appease the other leaders from Latin America’s concerns regarding a deal that he expected to sign to allow the United States to relocate its recommendable drug-interdiction flight activities to Colombia following the dismissal of such operations from Ecuador. The plan could raise the number of the American troops within Colombia to facilitate war on drugs.3 This effort by President Uribe shows that the US war on drugs has impact on the Latin American countries and this support implies the war is not that badly off. The nation is under so much international pressure as the international community assumes that the US should deal with the whole situation with finality. This pressure may in turn make the US appear as if it is doing so little in this drugs war, which is not entirely the case.4 However, most Latin American nations consider this war as an overwhelming failure. Jose de Cordoba argues that drug violence has spiraled beyond control in Mexico with a commission headed by 3 former heads of Latin American states blasting the war on drug as a failed effort, which is pushing the societies in Latin America to their breaking point.5 Consequently, the first Latin American Conference attendees favored decriminalization of possession of dru gs for personal use.6 Moreover, the attendees claimed that legislative reforms were underway to facilitate smaller sentences are given to the small traffickers, and set up policies, which minimize harm via encouraging the addicts to seek help from the health system. Such a hemispheric summit could spark open revolt against US-led drug war. Actually, Latin Americans are determined to gain their independence from the ‘disastrous’ US anti-drug policy.7 In an article dated 7 August 2009, Romulo Pizarro, Peru’s drug czar, estimates that the earnings of the foreign

Visual Analysis and critical reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Visual Analysis and critical reflection - Essay Example 3D printing has changed the game of industries, products and buildings since the last 20 years. Students today are aware of the techniques through which 3D printing can be used. The methods, techniques, materials and designs used are all upgraded and modernized using the best of technologies. As a student of 3D designing and printing I finally chose 3D architecture as the major field. This is because of the unique methods and techniques that it uses and ends up creating an absolutely amazing building that no one could think of. It is a blend of creativity and technique which gives the architect to freely think of the most unusual look for a building. These fascinating ideas inspire me and attract me towards the 3D architecture. 3D architecture uses the process of tessellation in which many geometrical shapes whether regular or irregular are tied together without any gaps. This technique is being recently used to create real life structures and buildings in a creative way. I believe w ith the advancement in the 3D architecture, the world can see amazing new buildings for which a bunch of creative and imaginative architects are responsible. The idea of 3D designing and printing in jewelry, arts and other industrial objects has also been fascinating as I study more about it. 3D designing in jewelry making is also a unique way of presenting creative ideas. Many famous jewelry designers have adopted this technique by using their great ideas, putting them through digital technology and implying it on the materials. The 3D printing is done through digital technology and thus it is easier for the students to learn it (Kuneinen, 2012). Anyone who wants to be a 3D printing expert needs practice and creative ideas to create unusual objects. The best part about the 3D designing is that it is present in every manufacturing or constructing industry for example automotive, aerospace, jewelry, architecture, arts, medical, and electronics and so on. The diverse areas where the 3 D printing can be applied attract many students to apply it in their fields. The most important part about the 3D designing and architecture is the materials that have to be used. The 3D designing in architecture needs a variety of materials that are involved in the process. The architectural model and structure is made out of a large number of materials and lesser volume since tessellation ties it together without gaps. The 3D model is made at first which uses plastic as the core material. The 3D model allows the architects to get a picture of how the structure would look like, and also its balance can be judged. The material used for the buildings would usually be steel and glass. The tessellation involves many geometrical shapes to be tied together on a plain. These shapes are made from glass or steel at the facade of the building to give an attractive look for instance the Federation Square in Australia. 3D printing and designing has become a technology which is widely used in m any fields and industries around the world. The 3D technologies give a promising and bright future so many people are attracted towards it. These technologies are complicated thus skilled people are needed in every field to operate these machines. 3D printers today are used for rapid product prototyping. The 3D printing enables the engineers to fit the parts of the object long before that are sending for production. The 3D models also enable the architects to create detailed models and show them to the clients at low-cost (The Economist Newspaper Limited, 2013). The range of uses of 3D printing is constantly increasing and the technology is catching the attention of many upcoming students. As with the 3D architecture, the study about the technology also increases the opportunities for students in the future since the future of this 3D technology is extremely bright. Currently the 3D printing is used to make the pre-production mould but in the near future the technology can be used t o make end-use products. Imagine a

The Mission of the Ideal Organization Assignment - 2

The Mission of the Ideal Organization - Assignment Example One basic assumption of an ideal organization’s culture and structure is the provision of a graphic profile of the enterprise’s traditions in terms of the behavioral norms that employees need to exhibit. Fitting in and meeting organizational expectations make up another basic assumption of an ideal organization. These anticipations guide the attitude of employees towards their work and the way they socialize with coworkers and superiors. The structure of an ideal organization would be functional. A functional structure concentrates on building very effective and specified divisions that carry out specialized duties. A functional organizational structure would be broken down into three business divisions: retail and business, asset management, and wholesale finance. Administration of these divisions would revolve around centralization, hierarchy, and departmentalization. If the organization were a large corporation, specialization would be commendable for the accomplishment of bureaucratic administration. Additionally, departmentalizing differing aspects of the organization’s operations should maximize effectiveness.  

Power and Inequality in a Cultural and Linguistic Anthropolistic View Essay Example for Free

Power and Inequality in a Cultural and Linguistic Anthropolistic View Essay Centuries have passed and the different relationships of power and inequality are still present. Power and inequality have always been an issue and a topic of discussion among many different people in different cultures. Although much has changed throughout history, the struggle between power and inequality is still inevitable. There are many different types of power and inequalities ranging from gender to race and culture. Anthropologists can investigate issues surrounding power and inequality by submerging into different cultures and studying how power and inequality play a role in their society. Power and inequality still play a role in modern human cultures as seen by different struggles of cultures as well as the differentiation of linguistics. Cultural anthropologists can investigate issues surrounding power and inequality in modern human populations as they immerse themselves into understanding the different circumstances of different cultures of today and of the past as well. Throughout the years, there has been a struggle of power and inequality between many, including gender and race. Gender has been an issue in many different cultures, and continues to be a struggle even today. In the past, gender issues have resulted in many problems. For example, after China passed the one child law, many parents wanted to have sons rather than daughters because of the thought that sons were more worthy. This however, has resulted in an imbalance of the male and female ratio as it has reached 144:100, in the rural areas of China (Peters-Golden, 2012). In modern society, it is evident that in most cultures, the male is still the dominant gender. In some cultures, including some in the Middle East, women are looked down upon, mistreated and are not treated as equals. Even in the modern Western culture, there is still evidence that the women are at a disadvantage compared to the men (Feminist Economics, 2003). Along with gender, race has also been a reoccurring issue of as well. Previously, the Western worlds perceived themselves as having more power and were more superior to any other culture. Culture today, according to cultural anthropologists, is learned and is subject to modification meaning that the modern population can adapt to new races and cultures as well as their own. Different societies should be subject to his or her own culture rather than perceiving that one race or culture as superior to any other. Cultural anthropologists believe that â€Å"how people have been accepted and treated of a given society of culture has a direct impact on how they perform in that society† (American Anthropology Association, 1998). Thus concluding that not everybody can see themselves as superior, as it affects the society as a whole as well. The United States is an example of many different cultural prejudices, and its affects are apparent in their everyday lives including the media. Cultural anthropologists have been studying different cultures of the world, and many of them have different opinions of power and inequality as can be seen by the ways the cultures interact. In the modern world, there are many pieces of evidence that power and inequality are still present and is still an issue in modern human populations. Power and inequality have much to do with cultural studies, but can also be interpreted in a linguistic anthropological view as well. Linguistic anthropology studies how language influences social society in cultures. Although not necessarily seen as inequality, many different languages have different words categorising between gender, age, and status among others. Linguistics is also an important part of cultural anthropology as well. In many different languages, the use of words reflects the cultures status on both power and inequality (University of Washington, 2004). For example, in many languages, including French, Spanish, and Persian, noun classification is sorted by gender. In Thai, there are around 13 ways to say the pronoun â€Å"I† each one used in different circumstances, depending on who and what is being said. In both cases, the use of language is separated by power and could be thought of as a social inequality because different people are referred to by their gender or social status. As well as words that play a role in cultures, the different languages does as well. According to Mary Bucholtz and Kira Hall (1995), linguistic anthropologists, they say that power is linked with markedness. Markedness is a process where â€Å"some social categories gain a special, default status that contrasts with the identities of other groups, which are usually highly recognisable† and is evident in some countries (Bucholtz Hall, 1995, p. 372). An example of this is in Zambia, a country that speaks a total of 73 languages, however, only around 7 are considered the ‘dominant’ language as they are positioned above the others, while English is the official language that is unmarked, and considered to be the most important (Spitulnik, 1998). Linguistic anthropology is an important part when studying the different power and inequalities of cultures. Linguistics can show how cultures can interact by languages and determine who is ‘dominant’ or can differentiate people by status or gender. In modern human populations, the existence of power and inequality is still present. Anthropologists, both linguistic and cultural, investigate the presence in struggle of balancing power and inequality. Different times represent different mindsets, however, both power and inequality have been present for basically all of human existence. Prejudice is inevitable in both the past and current human population, ranging from race, gender, different individuals, and cultures, among others. Anthropologists can investigate issues surrounding power and inequality by submerging into different cultures and studying how power and inequality play a role in their society. Studying the language of other cultures by linguistic anthropologists can also determine many aspects of power and inequality in not only the different cultures of today, but also of the past as well.

Cherokee Indians :: essays research papers

Out of the many Indian tribes of the past, none have been more interesting as the Cherokee. This interesting tribe was brutally forced out of their native land during the â€Å"Trail of Tears.† Here is the story of these remarkable Indians and their legacy left in the United States today. The Cherokee’s believed earth was a floating island suspended by four cords in the sky, which was made of solid rock. Before the island was created everyone lived above the rock sky, where it was very crowded. The tribe leader sent down a water beetle to explore the vast sea beneath the sky. The beetle came to find no land, but it dived below the water and surfaced with mud that began to grow until it formed the island of earth. The water beetle eventually returned to the sky and the buzzard went down to see if the island was dry enough for the animals. While the buzzard was flying he became tired, and his wings began to hit the ground. Everywhere his wings struck earth, which was still soft, there was a valley, and when he lifted them he made a mountain. At last the earth was dry enough for plants and animals to come down from the sky. (The Cherokee, Perdue) The first people were Kana’ti and Selu. They had only one son until a mysterious child whom they called â€Å"w ild boy† sprang from the river where Selu had washed game. They tried to tame him but he remained mischievous. Kana’ti provided meat for the family. One day the two boys followed their father to see how he was such a skilled hunter. They watched him climb a mountainside where he moved a large rock and a fat buck ran out, which he eventually killed. Several days later the boys tried to imitate their father. They lifted the rock and a deer ran out, and got away. The boys left the hole where the buck ran out unattended, and eventually all the game that was hidden inside the hole escaped, which explains all the game of the world. (Cherokee History, Page 1 of 3) The Cherokee lived in villages that sometimes stretched for several miles along river banks. Each village had a council house (or town house) and a plaza where the villagers met to socialize, make political decisions, and conduct religious ceremonies. The council house was a very large circular building that sometimes sat atop an earthen mound.

From Freedom Of Contract

The modern entrant making process Is often a set of very complex agreements and usually Involves big amounts of money. The negotiations may last for months or even years. As a result, the parties will reach an agreement by piecemeal. There Is not a simple offer and an acceptance anymore, but there are offers, counteroffers, partial discussion. But when exactly the discussion is ended? For this still developing contract formation procedure, in most legal systems there are no special and adequate rules established. Since it is impossible to qualify in these cases offer and acceptance, a whole set of new problems arises: . As the agreement been concluded; 2. When was it concluded; 3. If the agreement is concluded, what are the terms of it. In this paper I will examine and discuss a very controversial topic in the theory of the formation of contracts: the relationship between parties in a situation in which an agreement has not been reached and one of the parties breaks off the negotiati ons. This can be done in several ways: one 2 can Just end the negotiations and walk away, the offered can revoke his offer, an option clause is violated etc.Since there is still no contractual liability in these cases, he question arises if there is any liability at all and if so according to what theory a party is held liable. I will analyses this problem from the point of view of two legal families: Common Law and Civil Law. In the context of this paper by Civil Law I mean the codified law systems in Western Europe and I will discuss French, German and Dutch law. We will see that there are important differences between the Common Law and the Civil Law approach to these problems.As a result of the still growing trade market between the United States and Western Europe it is of utmost importance that one is aware of these differences. I want to discuss three topics: 1 . Cross-boundary pre-contractual negotiations will bring together law and culture and reality and perception and so many problematic situations; I will give you Just some examples to show what I mean; 2. Then I will discuss the different approaches as mentioned above and even more important the different results on what is understand as pre-contractual liability; 3. He last topic will be on recent European developments in contract law in this field as realized in a proposed European Code of Contract Law. 2. Law and culture As I said before, pre-contractual negotiations will not only bring together law and ultra but also reality and perception. So it is quite possible that one party – from his particular background and legal culture – is convinced that after some meetings an agreement is reached, as the opposite party thinks these were still preliminary conversations. When this is the case severe problems will rise and immediately two questions have to be answered: 1 . According to which law the breaking off of the negotiations has to be Judged; 2. And which court has standing. In Co mmon Law countries, as a rule lawyers will take part in the conversation in a very early stage of the negotiations. s true for The Netherlands you from the start of the 3 – it is all a matter of trust. If you take your lawyers with negotiations it means you don't trust the other party so they don't trust you. The result is that you start the negotiations one step behind the other party and that is exactly not what you want.Probably this is also because English and American contracts are much longer than German, French or Dutch contracts. 1 Just one example; contrast these two standard forms of a forum selection clause: ; American clause: The exclusive forum for the resolution of any dispute under or rising out of this agreement shall be the courts of general Jurisdiction of xx and both parties submit to the Jurisdiction of such courts. The parties waive all objections based on forum non convenience; German clause: Cholinesterase Geriatricians sit xx (the only competent court is (P. 96) So when you enter into international contracting your first lessons are: 1 . Be aware of the cultural differences and legal mentality between you and the other party ; 2. Try to reach an agreement on two questions as early in the negotiations as possible: a. Which law has to be applied in case anything goes wrong (express choice of law); b. Which court has standing. A way to realize an answer to these questions in the pre-contractual stage is the use of a so called Letter of Intend or a Memorandum of Agreement.In case anything goes wrong, such a Letter or Memorandum can save a lot of time and money for both parties. According to American case law the answer of the question if the Letter or Memorandum is legally binding depends on the following factors: – The amount of details; – The language used; – Are there any escape-clauses; – Are there ‘subject to formal contract/definitive agreement' clauses; See for a comparison between American an d German contracts: Claire A. Hill and Christopher King, How do German contracts do as much with fewer words? , 79 Chicago-Kent Law Review 2004, p. 889 – 926. – Complexity of the transaction; – The way parties behave in the pre-contractual stage; – Custom. In Civil law similar factors are used. For about seven years I was honorary Judge in the Court of Rotterdam in a division on international contracts. In a surprisingly amount of cases – where contracts were actually formed – there was no provision on an express choice of law and on which court has standing. Making a choice on forehand will save time and money and the allowing factors can be taken into account. In the first place parties create certainty; both parties know what to expect in case anything goes wrong.I will take the English approach as a starting point, because this approach still resembles the classical theory on contract law. (Gigglier 2002, Cheshire and Foot 2001, Allen 19 91) In the case William Lacey (Winslow) Ltd. V. Davis [1957] 1 W. L. R. 932, 934 (Q. B. 1957) the view is expressed that a party to negotiations undertakes this work as a gamble, and its cost is part of the overhead expense of his business which he hopes will be met out of the profits of such contracts as are made. ‘ More recently the leading case on this topic is Wallboard v.Miles [1992] 1 All ERE 453. The question was if the parties can, by agreement, impose on themselves a duty to negotiate in good faith. Lord Cancer held: ‘Each party to the negotiations is entitled to pursue his (or her) own interest, so long as he avoids making misrepresentations. To advance that interest he must be entitled, if he thinks it appropriate, to threaten to withdraw from further negotiation or to withdraw in fact in the hope that the opposite party may seek to reopen negotiations by offering him improved terms.A duty to negotiate in good faith is as unworkable in practice as it is inhere ntly inconsistent with the position of the negotiating party. In spite of this rather rigid and formalistic view English law has taken on this question, there are some grounds to pursue negotiations or to recover damages in case of breaking off the negotiations. 6 Although the main contract has not been concluded, the court may held that there is a collateral contract which gives rise to some rights during the negotiating process.And even though there is no contract, a party may be entitled to restitution relief on the grounds that the other party has derived a benefit from the transaction for which he should compensate the plaintiff even if no contract has arisen (unjust enrichment). Finally a party can be held liable for loss which he inflicted on the other party in case of fraudulent misrepresentation (a claim in tort, e. G. When there was never an intention to form a contract) or negligent misrepresentation. In England one can only claim negative interests.Specific performance à ¢â‚¬â€œ that is to say forcing parties to re-open negotiations – is not possible. 3. 1. 2 AMERICAN LAW (Tanner and Hamilton, paper 2004, Track 1991) Like in English contract theory, it is generally agreed that also in the United States the existence of a duty in good faith is denied in the absence of an enforceable contract. According to American law there are three other grounds for pre-contractual liability. As in England, unjust enrichment as a basis for liability could be a ground for restitution.However, Just a few courts have entertained such claims and the prevailing view is still the alternator theory: both benefit and loss are at risk of the parties. Also the misrepresentation theory is considered to be a ground for recovering losses in the preoccupation stage in the United States, but situations in which this occurs American courts is the doctrine of promissory estoppels: one negotiating party cannot thou liability breach a promise made during negotiations, if the o ther party relied on that promise.

Economical Factor

The reason for this is because chicken and park are a healthier option and they are low in fat products. Many large supermarket brand their own company names on different produces which have similar nutritional values. Access to shops is another economical factor, foods will be easy to consume it all depends on the way which the person is able to access shops. Many supermarkets provide the best value for money due to the competitive prices.Most of the supermarkets can be accessed by traveling in public transport. Also there are other ways which people can shop for example internet shopping has helped widely for many people to access foods but not many have the access to internet. Food supply is available to us in markets and some of the produces travel around the world in order to reach the supermarkets. This suggests that most fruit and vegetables are available for us any time of the year which has helped in developing menus.Due to this it has been a large affect on the foods which are being supplied for example food products like fish are easier to be supplied and bought by people. Socio-cultural issues : Diet can be influenced hugely by family. Our eating habits can be guided by our careers and they are the ones hen we are younger make choices such as what we should eat and what we should not eat. We can learn about various things such as healthy eating,religious rules or indirectly through the foods which we consume.Some people due to their religion they may fast or they might have beliefs that they are not allowed to eat certain animals because they believe that these animals are unclean, because children are bought up like this they are socialized into the values of their culture. Also eating meals together as a family could be important in some cultures. ISO some religions have religious occasions involve food as a ritual. Education- The amount of money which is sent on education population about healthy eating and food hygiene and things which influence the foods we eat are high.Public health is important. Environmental health is viewed by the could they make sure that they are monitoring anyone who is preparing food for the public to consume and they also ensure that the food is prepared in a hygienic way which the customers are able to buy it-elf there is unsafe food hygiene is identified then there will be notice which will be issued and the organization can be temporarily IR permanently closed down-The inspections are carried out with and with out the organization knowing .Also they are awarded with stars which are between O and 5 stars. Health Education has been promoted and campaigns has gone to show improvement in public awareness of healthy eating. For example the Five-a- day campaign began in 2003, this was when a huge amount of money was awarded by the big lottery in order to improve the consumption of fruits and vegetables in primary care trusts. There are many other campaigns such as Change 4 Life.Food hygiene is anoth er important factor which will benefit health. Even if the product is fresh or high in quality if the food hygiene is not good then the product would cause effects such as people getting ill or even killing them. Food labels are on many food products they allow the buyer to make choices about what food they are eating. If someone is choosing a healthier option then they will be able to read the label and see if there are high and low of certain nutrients which they might need.Many foods are found in the supermarket they are often marketed as they has health benefits. There are certain rules which are the manufactures cannot call foods as they are reduced calorie, the food has to be in the standard version in Order to be called as lower in calorie-However there are no legal definitions for the term low-fat, but produces cannot call foods which are high in fat as low in fat. Also if a food label has a ingredient displayed on the ingredient section then they must have it.There will be different roles for different health professionals. Dieticians has to work with patients who will need special diet and they try to make sure that the individual to eat certain foods within restriction due to their medical condition while they are trying to maintain a healthy balanced diet. Public health nutritionists does not work with individuals but they advise the government about healthy eating.Their advice can form the basis of public campaigns-Doctors are the in a ideal position which they are able to discuss paints diets during consultations-Many of the times people might go to the doctors more often-elf money is not in the correct weight and also if they are developing health issues such as high blood pressure. So therefore the doctor can advise to avoid certain foods such as saturated fat or high-salt foods. The doctor can also be referred to dietician if it is necessary. Nurses can also understand both healthy diets and also special diets.They also can suggest what foods to eat and what to avoid for a range of medical conditions-Also nurses also help with tube feeding and they can ensure that those who unable to eat independently receive correct amount of food and drink. Careers who work in both residential and community settings should be able to understand a healthy eating and special dietary requirements. Due to the lack of knowledge some cares have poor understanding in how to improve their ability to advise individuals on good diet.Sports nutritionist will work mainly with athlete to help them with their diet and to maximize their strength and fitness to make them to perform at their best ability. Also the nutritionist can prepare a diet plan that will have various nutrients and training which they will need to participate. Health and fitness instructors work at gyms and leisure centers and they also include personal training to maintain people's fitness levels but they are not athletes.They also have a good understanding of different diets and healthy eating as this is a part of their training. Social Policy – There are different ways which their are improvements to the diets of the population through social policy. There are different approaches to health education, and it also involves creating a lot of opportunities which will help people to choose healthy options for their diet. For example there were policies such as Nutritional Standards for School Lunches were agreed by the school Meals Review Panel and implemented in 2006.The standards require that: High- Quality meat,poultry or oily fish are regularly available , at least two portions of fruit and vegetables should be available with every meal, bread other cereals and potatoes are regularly available , deep- fried food is limited to no more than two portions per week, fizzy and other confectioneries are removed from school meals and wending machines , children and young people must have easy access at all times to free fresh ranking water in schools.