Discuss The Regional Continuity Theory And Elaborating On...

For many years there has been a debate over where modern humans originated from. The first theory, out of Africa, discusses modern humans evolving in Africa. They migrated out to Eurasia and as the time went on their species evolved independently and developed into distinct species. All other human populations were eventually replaced with no interbreeding involved in the process and Homo sapiens had successfully dominated the rest of the world. On the other hand, the second theory, regional continuity, says that our earliest hominid ancestors had departed Africa and spread into other parts of the world later evolving into modern human beings. In this paper I will discuss the Regional continuity theory and elaborating on the Out of Africa theory. Evidence based on fossils, artifacts, and other crucial components will be discussed. Based on the evidence found I will come to a conclusion as to which theory I think best fits the origins of humans. The Multiregional theory believes that our earliest ancestors came from Africa, later settling to different parts of the world. It was believed that after a while Homo Sapiens evolved from distinct groups of Homo Erectus from all over the world. As they spread out there was a â€Å"mixing† of species such as homo Erectus and neanderthals. As time passed we eventually evolved and got to modern humans. There are different traits for each group or people around the world. The pattern of human evolution is described as MultiregionalShow MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Environmental Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Developing Standards and Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Forecasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Theory Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Management by Objectives (MBO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Total Quality Management (TQM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Policy Making . . . . . . . . . . . . Read MorePest Analysis of an Educational Institution19905 Words   |  80 Pagespercent in most euro-area countries (for which the figures were reported), for both goods and services. * Anchor currency. The euro plays a role as an anchor or reference currency, notably in acceding and accession countries, Northern Africa and the CFA Franc-Zone. A few countries, mainly in Central Europe and the Western Balkans, are using the euro as a de facto currency, sometimes in parallel to their own national currency. The expanding international use of the euro can be seen asRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesthat management education had almost nothing to say about what managers actually do from day to day. He further faulted management textbooks for introducing students to the leading theories about management while ignoring what is known about effective management practice. Sympathetic to Mintzberg’s critique, we set out to identify the defining competencies of effective managers. Although no two management positions are exactly the same, the research summarized in the Introduction highlights ten personal

Essay about On the Existence of God - 1753 Words

Like the British philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell, who described himself as an atheist (the absence of belief in God), I have to say, like he did when he was alive, that religion is little more than superstition. Despite any positive effects that religion might have in societies, it is mostly harmful to people. Religions and religious outlook serve to impede human knowledge (science) and to foster fear and dependency on other (clerics) which are supposed to know. Religions are responsible for much of the human war, oppression, and misery that are besetting our world today. Our origin, our growth, our hopes and fears, our loves and beliefs, our purposes in life are but one thing: the outcome of accidental associations of†¦show more content†¦By sacred things he meant things set apart and forbidden—beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them. For him sacred things are not limited to Gods o r spirits but also to anything declared by a human being sacred. It could be a rock, a tree, a spring, a pebble, a piece of wood, a house, etc., in other word anything capable of influencing for the better the outcome of one’s life. Religion may be seem as outdated and even harmful to the individual or society (to hinder or obstruct the progress of science) while in fact religion, your religion (your beliefs), is the mind differentiation of your inner feeling from the world of fact. Religion begins, I repeat, religion begins in everyone mind when people acquired through their own intellectual awareness a strong sense of differentiation between their qualitative selves from their natural environment, subjective consciousness from objective fact, and thus spirit from matter. Primitive religion had a biologic origin (mind capacity), a natural evolutionary development aside from moral associations (the sense ofShow MoreRelatedThe Existence Of God : God1305 Words   |  6 Pages The existence of God has been in question for as long as mankind has existed and thought logically. Many questions have plagued the human mind in regards to God, and there have been many arguments drawn with the hopes of proving the existence of a supreme being whom we know as God. The â€Å"God† question has been presented to every individual at some point in their lives. It is a topic that will bring forth never-ending questions and an equal amount of attempted answers. Many philosophers have formulatedRead MoreThe Existence Of God1304 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I’m going to argue that there exists only one God who is the most beneficent and the most merciful and that Blackburn’s claim for the existence of evil doesn t prove that there does not exist a God who is all knowing, all good and all powerful. Exposition:(349 words) In chapter five, Blackburn expresses his take on the existence of God. He believes that people with religious beliefs have to be evaluated â€Å"in terms of truth and falsity†. He thinks that that it is just the set of ritualsRead MoreThe Existence Of God s Existence1339 Words   |  6 Pagesidea of God. The existence of God is one of the most sought out topic that is frequently inquired. Is there really a God or is God merely a concept humans created to explain the unexplainable? And if God does exist, what makes him different from the rest of us? A well-known philosopher, St. Thomas Aquinas, introduced five proofs including the Cosmological Arguments of God’s existence, as well as explained some divine qualities that are associated with God. The nature of God’s existence is oftenRead MoreThe Existence of God1317 Words   |  6 PagesThe Existence of God For centuries, the idea of God has been a part of mans history. Past and present, there has always been a different integration consisting of the believers and the non-believers of God. The group of those who have faith in God tend to be related to one religion or another. On the other hand, the skeptics find the existence of God somewhat puzzling and try to seek the answers through scientific methods. Even as of today with all the modern technologies and the developmentRead MoreThe Existence Of God2601 Words   |  11 Pagesstatements established about the unseen and natural forces since the beginning of time. It gave rise to questions such as: Do aliens exist? Is there a world of the unseen? Life after Death and the most popular question since the beginning of times, Does God exists? And the answer is ‘yes’. Here is how I will justify my stance. Imagine yourself walking in the middle of a desert, which shows no signs of life regardless of which ever direction your eyes turn to. When, suddenly, you see something reflectingRead MoreGod s Existence Of God936 Words   |  4 PagesNot Be Afraid to Explore More Than One Religion God’s existence sometimes does not exist to certain people. When it comes to the teaching and knowledge about God many people are not aware because they have never been taught about how God appeared on the earth. I choose this topic because I was one of those people who has never really been raised around certain religion nor about the teaching how God came to be. However, I have been taught that God does exist and that his son Jesus are the reason forRead MoreThe Argument On The Existence Of God1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea of God has been a part of man’s history for centuries. Since time began there has been various combination of believers, and non-believers. Individuals who believes in God, belong to many different religion. Whereas, skeptics find the existence of God somewhat baffling, and have continually sought answers to His existence through scientific methods. As the world progresses in scientific, and technological advancement, the human race still face s the question of God’s existence. Many philosophersRead MoreAtheism And The Existence Of God Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pagesevident fact that God exists. Whereas some atheists would claim that the theists bear the burden of proof since they are making supernatural claims. In the following essay I will be discussing both opinions on this matter, and perhaps show how the burden of proof lies on both of them and neither of them. I will begin this discussion by defining the recurring terms during the discussion on the existence of God. Traditionally the three attitudes one could hold towards the existence of God are theism, atheismRead MoreEvil And The Existence Of God1147 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay is based on how the problem of evil attacks head on into the existence of god who is all good, all powerful and all knowing. The problem of evil is a wide area that can t be outrun easily. The concept of evil has been problematic to many philosophers. When speaking about evil, we all have the idea that is the absence of good. For some religious people, Evil has been described as a supernatural force, although for others is been described as part of the human nature. Blackburn mainly raiseRead MoreEssay on The Existence Of God908 Words   |  4 PagesPopular Arguments For The Existence Of God The Ontological Argument One of the most important attempts to demonstrate the existence of God is the ontological argument of Saint Anselm, an 11th-century theologian. Anselm’s argument maintains that God, defined as the greatest being that can be conceived, must exist, since a being that does not exist would by virtue of that fact lack an attribute that contributes to its greatness. Critics have questioned, however, whether existence actually contributes

Youth Delinquency And Justice-free sample -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Youth Delinquency And Justice. Answer: Introduction In the modern era, youth delinquency has proved problematic to handle. There are increasing cases of youth offending in Australia and globally. Despite the existence of several policies to suppress the issue, youth delinquency is on the rise. The increasing rates of youth felony have prompted policymakers and scholars to research alternative ways of addressing the issue. However, the deferring views on the cause and ways of controlling youth crime by the policymakers, scholars, and public have complicated the process of finding appropriate solutions. Public comments on the proposed changes by the Queensland parliament explicitly illustrates that the society is far from establishing a coherent strategy to address youth delinquency. The commentaries posted by the public on the article implicitly posit youth offending from the classical theory perspective. The comments illustrate that the public believes that juveniles commit criminal acts out of individual choices and rational consider ations. This position severally challenges academic literature on youth justice as it postulates that there is no significant difference between youth and adult offenders. Public views on youth delinquency significantly rely on the existing implicit theories on youth offending. According to Shoemaker (2010), implicit theories are personal constructions about a particular condition or occurrence that exist in the mind of individuals. These constructions differ according to people. As Cunneen, Whites, and Richards (2015) expound, the implicit theories are characteristically equivocal and inconsistent in explaining an occurrence. Additionally, these personal constructions tend to be descriptive and deductive in their explanation to a phenomenon. As a result, several theories exist on youth delinquency. Each perspective strives to persuade the public that its position is relevant. In spite of these discrepancies, implicit youth delinquency theories are vital in understanding factors that propagate youth offending and direct policy formulation. In the Courier Mail naming and shaming comments,' the main concepts of youth offending reflected by the publics comments conform to the classical and strain delinquency theories. However, the significant percentage of the public founded their comments on the classical youth delinquency theory. According to Cunneen, Whites, and Richards (2015), the classical theory posits that the young people are rational individuals who have free will and ability to make choices. The classical theory suggests that a person engages in criminal acts intentionally after calculating the costs and benefits of such actions. In this respect, the theory rules out the effects of externalities in youth delinquency. As illustrated by the comment of one member of the public, all criminals should be accountable for their actions regardless of their age since they commit crime intentionally. Consequently, a majority of those who commented on the article supported the naming and shaming of the young offenders. Moreover, some even suggested that the delinquent youths should be shamed alongside their parents. According to one of the individuals who commented on the post, naming and shaming the offenders will act as a deterrent measure. However, there are those who argue that naming and shaming the offenders is not a sufficient disciplinary move. Instead, they insist that corporal punishment should accompany the naming and shaming. As depicted by the comments of a section of the public, naming and shaming the offenders without severe punishment could further escalate the rate of youth delinquency. This punitive view summarizes the stand of those who employ the classical approach to youth felony. As Marina and King (2009) expound, studies show that those who use the classical perspective on youth offending are more likely to be punitive than those who utilize the strain theor y. On the other hand, there are those who commented on the post from the strain theory viewpoint. The strain theory employs the positivists school of thought to criminology. In this view, this section of the public argued that social strains such as poor parenting, economic hardships, and ineffective policies motive the youths to engage in criminal acts. The strain theory argues that crime goes beyond free will. The difference between those individuals who applied the classical theory and the strain theory in their comments is that the latter was against the use of coercive force to handle the young offenders. This section of the public indicated that the use of coercive force is one the drivers of teenage delinquency. Moreover, they stated that naming and shaming of the offenders is not the long-term solution. Considering that emotions are one the key drivers of criminal acts, naming and shaming the offenders could inflict more strain on the young people escalating the rate of crim es. As argued in one of the comments, eradicating social and economic inequalities is the only way to address the issue of youth delinquency. Besides, those who argued from the strain theory perspective pointed out that naming and shaming of young offenders could lead to stigmatization. In the modern society, a good reputation is essential for success. Consequently, naming and shaming young offenders could adversely affect their future success as people will have negative presumptions about their behaviors. With psychologists confirming that humans can change their behaviors, it is irrational to condemn young people without solving the social forces that compel them to participate in criminal acts. Academic literature tends to agree and disagree with some of the comments made on the post. Particularly, scholars differ with the comments on the measures which should be implemented to address youth delinquency. From the comments, it is evident that majority of the public prefers the use of punitive strategies to address delinquency issues. However, as Reynolds and Crea (2015) indicate, youth delinquency is a complex issue which is influenced by multiple factors. The complexity of the issues implies that it motivated by free will or by social strain. Interestingly, Maahs and Pratt (2017) posit that public opinion on youth delinquency is not based on scientific research. Instead, it is based on societal assumptions. As a result, these opinions are biased and insufficient in informing policy formulation. According to Maahs and Pratt (2017), the use of imprisonment or punishment as a way to combat youth offending is a strategy that lacks objectivity. In the comments, a significant per centage of the public supported the naming and shaming policy as an effective measure to suppress youth crime. However, this move does not delve into the key external forces that compel the young people to commit criminal acts. Studies also refute the notion that criminal activities are based on personal decisions. A significant percentage of the public posted that the young people engaged in crime intentionally. However, according to Ciardha and Gannon (2012), some of the criminal activities are prompted by psychological distress. Moreover, Ciardha and Gannon (2012) point out that social learning influences some of the offenses. In this respect, it is nature of the society that shapes the behaviors of the young people. This argument challenges the deliberations of classical theories. Instead of the society assuming that youth delinquency is intentional, they should embrace that multiple factors motivate the condition. However, academic literature seems to have significant support for those who commented from the strain theory perspective. According to Hoeve, McReynolds, and Wasserman (2014), the classical theories prove insignificant, particularly in the case recidivism. From the comments, the majority of the people supported the naming and shaming of frequent offenders. However, Hoeve, McReynolds, and Wasserman (2014) advise that instead of punishing recidivists, they should be subjected to psychological screening to establish their mental wellbeing. Notably, studies have established a positive correlation between youth recidivism and mental disorders. In particular, Baglivio et al. (2016) maintain that maltreatment of offenders increases the possibilities of reoffending. This view contradicts public support for naming and shaming of delinquent youths. Naming and shaming of criminals are psychological maltreatments that can have a permanent damage on a persons emotions. Despite its adversities, H oeve, McReynolds, and Wasserman (2014) state that majority of people support harsh punishments for youth offenders since they believe that it deters criminal activities. Furthermore, scholars disapprove the equal treatment of youth and adult offenders. According to Cunneen, et al. (2015), youth offenders are legally incompetent and should not be equated to adults. The public has shown massive support for keeping distinct boundaries between young and adult offenders. According to Farrington, Loeber, and Howell (2017), it is widely accepted that age affects the decision-making ability of individuals. In this view, Young offenders should not be handled as the adult delinquents since they differ in their decision-making abilities. However, Farrington, Loeber, and Howell (2017) agree that this leniency in law has motivated juveniles to commit criminal offenses. Unlike the views presented by the majority of the comments on the article, the public prefers a rehabilitative and a no coercive approach to addressing youth delinquency. According to Pealer, Terry, and Adams (2017), the public understands that young people are still in the developmental stage and their behaviors can be easily altered. In fact, the society has significantly advocated for the abolishment of youth imprisonment. This revelation contrasts the views presented by those who called for harsh punishment for young offenders in the comments section. Conclusively, the comments by the public to the Courier Mail article theorize youth offending from the perspective of classical and strain theories. While a significant percentage of the public posted that youth offenders should be treated equally with adult criminals, this view contradicts the one by academic literature on public opinion on youth crime. However, they both agree that the public tends to support a punitive framework in designing youth justice systems. Moreover, some of the comments agree with scholarly works that youth crime is a complex subject that requires an inclusive policy approach to manage. References Baglivio, M. T. et al., 2016. Maltreatment, child welfare, and recidivism in a sample of deep-end crossover youth. Journal of youth and adolescence, 45(4), pp. 625-654. Ciardha, . C. Gannon, T., 2012. The implicit theories of firesetters: A preliminary conceptualization. Aggression and Violent Behaviour, Volume 17, p. Aggression and Violent Behaviour. Cunneen, C., White, R. Richards, K., 2015. Juvenile Justice: Youth and Crime in Australia. Fifth ed. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Farrington, D. P., Loeber, R. Howell, J. C., 2017. Increasing the Minimum Age for Adult Court. Criminology Public Policy, 16(1), pp. 83-92. Hoeve, M., McReynolds, L. S. Wasserman, G. A., 2014. Service referral for juvenile justice youths: Associations with psychiatric disorder and recidivism. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 41(3), pp. 379-389. Maahs, J. Pratt, T. C., 2017. I Hate These Little Turds!: Science, Entertainment, and the Enduring Popularity of Scared Straight Programs. Deviant behavior, 38(1), pp. 47-60. Maruna, S. King, A., 2009. Once a Criminal, Always a Criminal?: Redeemability'and the Psychology of Punitive Public Attitudes. European Journal of Criminal Policy and Research, Volume 15, pp. 7-24. Pealer, J., Terry, A. N. Adams, K. R., 2017. Voices from inside the walls: Views of the juvenile justice system from the youthful offenders. Corrections, 2(2), pp. 130-147. Reynolds, A. D. Crea, T. M., 2015. Peer influence processes for youth delinquency and depression. Journal of Adolescence, Volume 43, pp. 83-95. Shoemaker, D. J., 2010. Theories of Delinquency: An Examination of Explanations of Delinquent Behavior. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Total Quality Management Advantages and Disadvantages

Introduction Total quality management refers to the approach used by the management to improve the quality of production and the organization’s performance in tandem with the needs of its goals.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Total Quality Management: Advantages and Disadvantages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this case, quality management combines various elements of the organization connected with the improvement, development and maintenance of operations. Thus, these include factors such as cost control, employee performance, revenue accrual and management functions. These factors should be balanced to assure the success of the organization. Advantages of TQM TQM is important to organizations. It assists them attain efficiency in production and processing by preventing errors before they happen during work in process. Oakland (2001) notes that TQM addresses fundamental problem extents such as red undant processes, identical efforts, work processes and unnecessary tasks. Besides, TQM intervention plays a key role in predicting errors and providing appropriate measures to pre-empt them before they actually occur. This aspect encouraged efficiency and enables an organization to save on time and costs. Guasch (2007) points out that TQM enhances customer satisfaction. TQM intentions are tailored towards improving product or service through value addition. It attains this aspect by embracing a suitable strategy to correlate with the customer’s expectations. For instance, Oakland (2001) explains that to guarantee customer satisfaction, TQM reduces waiting time by changing how a customer is handled. It also makes changes in the delivery process to ensure a product/service reaches the customer on time and improves on the quality of products eliminating the needs of repair improving customers’ loyalty. Also, TQM is important in improving the organization’s develop ment. TQM builds the culture of change in the organization by championing for education of all employees on quality practices. This helps to make quality a concern for all and not just for Total Quality Assurance department. Focusing on quality contributes to a culture of proactive work tailored towards preventing errors.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, Guasch (2007) demonstrates that by focusing on teamwork, TQM succeeds in enhancing cross-departmental cooperation, thereby facilitating knowledge sharing. Knowledge sharing benefits an organization because it contributes to improved communication among employees and simplifies the organization’s communication hierarchy. Besides, knowledge sharing leads to widening of knowledge and skill-set of employees and breeds a culture of flexibility when an organization is deploying personnel in various epartments. This ensures cost competitiveness is achieved in the organization. Pfeifer (2002) explains that TQM improves human management in an organization. In human resources management, TQM spreads the rights of the business process to employees involved by empowering them to correct errors on the spot without waiting for directions from their superiors. This characteristic provides a total fulfillment environment and fixes an intrinsic enthusiasm among employees. Similarly, the TQM emphasizes improving productivity by eliminating mistakes and fixes the completion of objectives much faster. The employees may use the available free time to gain more knowledge aimed at improving existing products or services or coming up with new ones. TQM fixes an all round benefits enabling an organization achieve competitive advantage. In contemporary business, where borders are decreasing and barriers eliminated, there is free flow of information and products; an organization may embrace TQM to preserves its efficiency by creating new products, redesigning old ones and lowering prices. Hence, TQM strategy enables organizations to achieve all these benefits more easily. Disadvantages of TQM Although many organizations have accrued tangible benefits by embracing TQM, there are various disadvantages associated with the practice. Oakland (2001) points out that TQM calls for a new approach in the organization focused on process improvement and continuous customer fulfillment. Thus, for these aspects to take place, an organization should aim at changing its attitude and embrace prioritization of its daily daily operations. Additionally, TQM needs assurance and calls for all employee participation.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Total Quality Management: Advantages and Disadvantages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, Guasch (2007) notes that there are challenges involved in changing an organization’s cu lture because the aspect integrates an intertwining array of roles, values and processes. These aspects receive some resistance from employees who term them as a danger to their jobs. Also, TQM calls for planning, resources and time. Implementing a TQM system may take years of planning and resources of the organization. This is also coupled with management commitment. Where there is no support from management in terms of availing resources, TQM may fail. Seaver (2003) points out that quality is expensive to implement. Implementation requires additional costs such as consulting fees, training, infrastructure improvement and team development fees. In the long-run, the investment may be costly to an organization. TQM takes years to yield results. Hence, an organization opting to get instant result is disadvantaged. It calls for dedication, patience, motivation and perseverance during the whole process. However, many organizations have given up when results are not forthcoming. Besides, organizations operating in a stiff competitive environment have seen it a waste of time. TQM is tailored towards standardization. Standardization weakens creativity because it, discourages new skills and innovation in an organization which could have increased productivity. Benefits TQM improves the organizational performance. The performance of an organization is tied to how its processes are efficiently executed. Thus, TQM ensures that the organization’s processes are consistent with its quality standards; thus increasing its performance. Pfeifer (2002) carried out an investigation in Malaysia to determine the effectiveness of TQM in improving performance in an organization. About 400 hundred organizations were evaluated. After analyzing the data collected, it was found out that a strong relationship existed between TQM and commitment to customers, sales and profit, product quality and development, communication between divisions, marketing and respect for management (Pfei fer, 2002)).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More TQM is an approach taken by organizations to keep aligned to the goal of striving to give the best of service by constantly improving the services offered. TQM systems are put in place to constantly continuously watch and evaluate the organization’s determination to quality. For instance, the Ford Company, since its inception, has continuously aimed at sustaining TQM in its production line of Ford Vehicles. Ford has formulated and implemented the quality management philosophy, where more emphasis is particularly integrated in designing and coming up with a finished product that met the requirements of the customers. Similarly, in order to avoid wasteful production, Ford arranges for the production system, which entailed reducing the finished product immediately, in order to detect any element of malfunctioning. In case a default is detected, the product is rechecked to clarify the amount of damage. In case the damage is huge, the product is redesigned to facilitate constructi on of another default- less product. Conclusion TQM is an important component that organizations should deploy in order to attain efficiency, streamline processes and improve customer satisfaction, among others. Due to the present competitiveness of firms, TQM assures business has a competitive advantage over others in terms of service delivery, quality, operations and reduced costs. However, despite the efficiency of TQM in businesses, organizations should be aware of the challenges posed by embracing the TQM system. They should understand that TQM might call for a change in an organization’s culture. The results also take longer to be visible and it encourages standardization which weakens creativity and innovation. References List Guasch, L. (2007). Quality Systems and Standards for a Competitive Edge.Washington: World Bank Oakland, J. (2001). Total organizational excellence: achieving world-class performance. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Publishers Pfeifer, T. (2002). Qu ality management: strategies, methods, techniques; with 3 tables. Cincinnati: HanserGardner. Seaver, M. (2003). Gower Handbook of Quality Management. Aldershort: Gower Publishing, Ltd. This report on Total Quality Management: Advantages and Disadvantages was written and submitted by user Fallen One to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.